Alkyl esters of the 2- (2-fluorosulphonyl)-perfluoroethylenoxy-3-halogen-propionic acid

ABSTRACT

Compounds of formula CH 2 Y—CH(COOR 1 )—O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, usable in the synthesis of the fluorosulphonic vinylether —CF 2 ═CF—O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F.

[0001] The present invention relates to a class of compounds to be used for the preparation of linear fluorinated vinylethers containing one fluorosulphonic group, and the preparation process thereof.

[0002] It is well known that fluorosulphonic vinylethers form a class of monomers useful for obtaining polymers containing —SO₂F groups, which are used in electrochemical applications as membranes for chloro-soda cells, fuel cells or as acid catalysts in organic synthesis.

[0003] Compounds usable for the preparation of fluorosulphonic vinylethers are known in the prior art.

[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 4,358,412 describes the synthesis of the fluorosulphonic vinylether CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F, wherein in the first step the compound

FOC—CF(CF₂Cl)—O—(CF₂)₂SO₂F  (I)

[0005] is obtained by reacting the acylfluoride FOC—CF₂—SO₂F with the perfluoroallylchloride epoxide. In the second step the alkaline pyrolysis is carried out with sodium carbonate obtaining the fluorosulphonic vinylether. The synthesis of the formula (I) compound has the drawback to use the perfluoroallylchloride epoxide which is very expensive and not easily available.

[0006] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,962,282 and 4,801,409 describe the synthesis in gaseous phase of the hypof luorite FSO₂CF₂CF₂OF starting, respectively, from the tetrafluoroethylene β sultone having the formula:

[0007] or from the acylfluoride FSO₂CF₂COF.

[0008] The sulphonic hypof luorite FSO₂CF₂CF₂OF can then be added, according to the prior art, to 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene, and then by dechlorination the monomer CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F is obtained. The sulphonic hypof luorite used in said process has the drawback to be a strongly oxidizing agent which requires particular precautions.

[0009] The need was felt to have available a class of compounds usable in the synthesis of the fluorosulphonic vinylether CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F, obtainable from easily available reactants, using the usual laboratory techniques.

[0010] A class of compounds which solves the above technical problem has been found.

[0011] An object of the present invention is a class of compounds, usable for the preparation of the fluorosulphonic vinylether CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F, formed by alkyl esters of the 2-(2-fluorosulphonyl)perfluoroethylenoxy-3-halogen-propionic acid, having the following formula (II):

CH₂Y—CH(COOR₁)—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F  (II)

[0012] wherein:

[0013] Y=Cl, Br;

[0014] R₁=C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl.

[0015] Preferably in formula (II) Y=Cl and R₁=methyl.

[0016] The invention compounds are obtainable by the following process:

[0017] a) synthesis of the alcoholate of formula MOCF₂CF₂—SO₂F, wherein M=K, Cs, Ag, by reaction between MF and TFE β-sultone

[0018]  or by reaction between MF and the acylfluoride FOC—CF₂—SO₂F;

[0019] b) reaction between a compound of formula CH₂Y—CHX—COOR₁ (III), wherein:

[0020] Y and R₁ are as above;

[0021] X=Cl, Br; Y and X being equal or different, with the proviso that when Y=Br X=Br;

[0022]  with the alcoholate obtained in step a) according to the following scheme:

MOCF₂CF₂—SO₂F+CH₂Y—CHX—COOR₁→MX+CH₂Y—CH(COOR₁)—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F.

[0023] The step a) is carried out in an aprotic dipolar solvent, for example diglyme (diethylen glycol dimethylether), acetonitrile, at temperatures in the range 20° C.-50° C.; the β-sultone can be synthesized as described by England et Al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 6181 1960.

[0024] The step b) is carried out at temperatures in the range 20° C.-80° C., by directly adding the alkyl halide RX to the reaction mixture obtained at the end of step a); at the end of the reaction it is distilled at reduced pressure and subsequently the distillate is extracted with water, the organic phase is separated and dried, recovering the product by solvent evaporation.

[0025] The invention results are surprising and unexpected since the reaction in step b) takes place selectively on the secondary carbon atom, bound to X in the formula (III) compound and it does not involve the primary carbon, bound to Y or that of carbonyl of the COOR₁ group. This is surprising since one could expect that the reaction led to a product mixture, forming in low yields the final product. Surprisingly it has been found that said secondary reactions substantially do not take place and that the formula (II) compound is obtained in high yields. Furthermore the formula (II) compound is easily recovered from the reaction mixture.

[0026] The RX compounds are easily accessible and can be obtained by halogenation of acrylic esters.

[0027] As said, the invention compounds are usable for the synthesis of the fluorosulphonic vinylether of formula CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F.

[0028] For example, the synthesis comprising the following steps can be used:

[0029] 1) fluorination of the formula (II) compound to give the acylfluoride CF₂YCF(COF)OCF₂CF₂—SO₂F;

[0030] 2) saponification of the acylfluoride to the corresponding carboxylate CF₂YCF(COO⁻Me⁺)OCF₂CF₂—SO₂F, wherein Me⁺ is the alkaline metal cation;

[0031] 3) thermal decomposition of the carboxylate obtained in 2) and formation of the fluorosulphonic vinylether.

[0032] The step 1) fluorination is carried out either by electrochemical fluorination or by direct fluorination. The electrochemical fluorination is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,713,593 and in patent application WO 98/50603. The direct fluorination is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,142.

[0033] For example a tubular reactor, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,142, can be used for the direct fluorination, by adding the formula (II) compound to a circulating liquid flow of an inert solvent, for example perfluorohexane, to which elemental fluorine diluted with nitrogen is continuously fed at the temperature of 20° C.

[0034] The acylfluoride saponification in step 2) is carried out by treatment with alkales at room temperature (20°-25° C.).

[0035] Step 3) of the thermal decomposition is carried out by heating the compound isolated at the end of step 2) at a temperature in the range 50° C.-220° C., optionally dispersed in a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of the reaction product, inert under the reaction conditions, by distilling the formed fluorosulphonic vinylether.

[0036] The following Examples illustrate the invention and do not limit the scope thereof.

EXAMPLE 1

[0037] In a two-necked 50 ml glass flask, equipped with condenser, tap for nitrogen and magnetic stirrer, 2.14 g (0.017 moles) of silver fluoride are introduced in dry box.

[0038] Subsequently 5 ml of fresh distilled diglyme (diethylen glycol dimethylether) are fed under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture is cooled at −78° C. and then a solution at 14.5% by weight of β sultone

[0039] in CFC 113 (CFCl₂CF₂Cl) (3.04 g, 0.017 moles of β sultone) is added. The mixture is brought to room temperature and heated at 33° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes. CFC 113 is removed at reduced pressure, the mixture is cooled again at −78° C. and 2.65 g (0.017 moles) of 2,3-dichloro-methyl propionate are added.

[0040] The mixture is heated at 42° C. for 8 hours and at the end the reaction mixture is distilled at reduced pressure (residual pressure of about 20 mm Hg, corresponding to 2.67×10³ Pa) gradually increasing the mixture temperature up to 80° C. The obtained mixture is extracted with 15 ml of water. The organic phase is separated, washed three times with water and dried with P₄O₁₀. 2.23 g of ClCH₂CH(OCF₂CF₂SO₂F)COOCH₃ (¹⁹FNMR) are obtained. Yield 41%.

EXAMPLE 2

[0041] In the equipment of Example 1 and with the same operating procedure 2.51 g (0.017 moles) of anhydrous CsF are introduced.

[0042] Subsequently 6 ml of fresh distilled diglyme are fed under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture is cooled at −78° C. and then 3.2 g (0.018 moles) of acylfluoride FSO₂CF₂COF are added. The mixture is brought to room temperature and heated at 35° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes; the mixture is cooled again at −78° C. and 2.4 g (0.015 moles) of 2,3-dichloro-methyl propionate are added.

[0043] The mixture is heated at 55° C. for 18 hours and 30 minutes and lastly the reaction mixture is distilled at reduced pressure (residual pressure of about 20 mm Hg, corresponding to 2.67×10³ Pa) gradually increasing the mixture temperature up to 80° C. The obtained mixture is extracted with 15 ml of water. The organic phase is separated, washed three times with water and dried with P₄O₁₀. 1.9 g of ClCH₂CH(OCF₂CF₂SO₂F)COOCH₃ (¹⁹FNMR) are obtained. Yield 39% (calculated on 2,3-dichloromethyl propionate). 

1. Compounds of the following formula (II): CH₂Y—CH(COOR₁)—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F  (II) wherein: Y=Cl, Br; R₁=C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl.
 2. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein in formula (II) Y=Cl and R₁=methyl.
 3. A process to prepare the fluorosulphonic vinylether CF₂═CF—O—CF₂CF₂—SO₂F comprising the following steps: 1) fluorination of the formula (II) compound to give the acylfluoride CF₂YCF(COF)OCF₂CF₂—SO₂F; 2) saponification of the acylf luoride to the corresponding carboxylate CF₂YCF(COO⁻Me⁺)OCF₂CF₂—SO₂F, wherein Me⁺ is the alkaline metal cation; 3) thermal decomposition of the carboxylate obtained in 2) and formation of the fluorosulphonic vinylether.
 4. A process according to claim 3, wherein in step 1) the formula (II) compoud is obtained by the following reactions: a) synthesis of the alcoholate of formula MOCF₂CF₂—SO₂F, wherein M=K, Cs, Ag, by reaction between MF and TFE β-sultone

 or by reaction between MF and the acylfluoride FOC—CF₂—SO₂F; b) reaction between a compound of formula CH₂Y—CHX—COOR₁ (III), wherein: Y and R₁ are as above; X=Cl, Br; Y and X being equal or different, with the proviso that when Y=Br X=Br;  with the alcoholate of step a).
 5. A process according to claim 4, wherein: step a) is carried out in an aprotic dipolar solvent, selected between diglyme (diethylen glycol dimethylether), acetonitrile, at temperatures in the range 20° C.-50° C.; step b) is carried out at temperatures in the range 20° C.-80° C., by directly adding the alkyl halide RX to the reaction mixture obtained at the end of step a); distilling at the end of step b), subsequently extracting the distillate with water and recovering the product by evaporation of the organic solvent.
 6. A process according to claims 3-5, wherein: step 1) fluorination is carried out either by electrochemical fluorination or by direct fluorination in a tubular reactor by adding the formula (II) compound to a circulating liquid flow of an inert solvent to which elemental fluorine diluted with nitrogen is continuously fed at the temperature of 20° C.; the acylfluoride saponification in step 2) is carried out by treatment with alkales at room temperature (20°-25° C.) step 3) of thermal decomposition is carried out by heating the compound isolated at the end of step 2) at a temperature in the range 50° C.-220° C., optionally dispersed in a high-boiling solvent, inert under the reaction conditions, by distilling the formed product. 